COMPUTER PROGRAMMING IN C++
Advanced Concepts in C++ Programming
Building on the basics, this session delves deeper into C++ programming, introducing control structures, functions, and arrays. These concepts are foundational for creating more complex and efficient C++ programs.
Objectives of This Session
– Understand and implement control structures in C++.
– Learn about functions and their applications in C++.
– Introduction to arrays and how to manipulate array data.
1. Control Structures in C++
Conditional Statements:
– `if`, `else`, `else if`: Used for decision-making processes based on conditions.
– Example:
int score = 85;
if (score >= 90) {
cout << “Excellent!”;
} else if (score >= 80) {
cout << “Very Good!”;
} else {
cout << “Try Harder!”;
}
Loops:
– `for`, `while`, and `do-while` loops: Used for repeating a block of code multiple times.
– Example (using `for` loop to print numbers 1 to 5):
for(int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) {
cout << i << ” “;
}
2. Functions in C++
Definition:
A block of code that performs a specific task, optionally taking parameters and returning a value.
Syntax and Usage:
– Declaration: `return_type function_name(parameter_list);`
– Definition:
void greet() {
cout << “Hello, welcome to C++ programming!”;
}
– Calling a function: `greet();`
– Types of Functions:
– With return values
– Without return values (void functions)
– With parameters (arguments)
– Without parameters
3. Arrays in C++
Definition:
Collection of items stored at contiguous memory locations. Arrays can hold multiple values under the same name.
Declaration and Initialization:
– Declaration: `int numbers[5];`
– Initialization: `int numbers[5] = {10, 20, 30, 40, 50};`
– Accessing Array Elements:
– Use the index to access an element: `cout << numbers[2];` // Outputs 30
4. Practical Programming Examples
Example 1: Program using functions and arrays:
void printArray(int arr[], int size) {
for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
cout << arr[i] << ” “;
}
}
int main() {
int myArray[5] = {5, 10, 15, 20, 25};
printArray(myArray, 5);
return 0;
}
- Example 2: Simple calculator using functions:
int add(int a, int b) {
return a + b;
}
int main() {
int num1, num2;
cout << “Enter two numbers: “;
cin >> num1 >> num2;
cout << “Sum = ” << add(num1, num2);
return 0;
}
5. Getting Started with Learning
Resources:
– [Code With Harry for learning C++] (https://bit.ly/4b3XLUy)
– [W3 Schools for learning C++] (https://www.w3schools.com/cpp/)
Conclusion
Understanding and using these advanced concepts effectively will significantly enhance your programming capabilities in C++. Each concept builds towards writing more complex and efficient software.
